Building & Equipment
UK 2020, from Stern Review. 0-9 MT of carbon across, £ / Tonne of carbon down
Levelized costs of electricity resource options
Source: Energy efficiency data represent the results of this analysis for utility program costs (range of four-year averages for 2009-2012).
Supply costs are from Lazard 2013. Solar costs have since fallen a good bit.
Comparing various refrigerants, alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs. Their Global warming potentials (GWPs) are not showns.
Source: Energy efficiency data represent the results of this analysis for utility program costs (range of four-year averages for 2009-2012).
Supply costs are from Lazard 2013. Solar costs have since fallen a good bit.
2023-24 Articles
Germany Looks to Manufacturers to Help Keep Homes Warm in Winter 0824
Illinois Can Replace Fossil Plants with Storage, Capacity from Queues 0824
Global Power Demand Is Surging on AI and Aircon - IEA 0724
5 of the Biggest Heat Pump Challenges and How to Solve Them 0624
Moving to Renewables Will Mean Using Less Energy Overall 0624
New York’s Humble Radiator Is Getting a Climate-Friendly Upgrade 0524
Smart Meters Manage Loads near Peak for Electric Homes + EV Charging, Save $ 0324
Heat Pumps Outsold Gas Furnaces in the US Last Year. The Gap Is Growing. 0224
More Heat Pumps Cause Demand Peak Switch to Winter, for Grid Problems 0124
When Recycling Comes to the Construction Industry 1023
How Maine Became the Heat Pump Capital of the US 1023
Greener Steel Production Is the 1st Step. Next Comes Scaling It Up. 0923
Cooling Technology’s Next Act Could Be More Important than Heat Pumps Today 0723
The U.S. Should Ditch AC, Use Middle Eastern Techniques to Cool Its Cities 0723
Once-Shuttered California Mine Tries to Transform the Rare-Earth Industry 0623 - It plans to bring ore processing to the site, instead of just taking ore out of the ground, as it once did. It will be a much cleaner process than in China and developing countries.
The High-Stakes Race to Reduce Emissions from Cement 0623
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EcoFlow Just Launched Plug-and-Play Solar + Storage for Apartments 0623
The 'Exploding' Demand for Giant Heat Pumps 0523
Low-Carbon Concrete Could Bring a ‘Radical Change’ to the Industry 0523
In a Warming World, 10 Air Conditioners Are Sold per Second 0523
White House Unveils a New Climate Fix - Building Codes and Energy Retrofits 0523
A Key Part of America’s Plan to Slash Carbon Emissions - Plug In Almost Everything. 0423
New York Set to Pass 1st Statewide Law Banning Gas in New Construction 0423
What’s Needed to Reach Net-Zero This Century - IEA 0423 includes charging
Green Steel Would Curb Carbon Emissions, Revive SW Pennsylvania Economy 0423
All-Electric Building in Brooklyn Draws Energy From 500 Feet Underground 0323
A Key Part of America’s Plan to Slash Carbon Emissions - Plug In Almost Everything. 0423
Britain’s Heat Pump Uptake Among Worst in Europe 0323
Transparent Aerogel Made from Wood Will Make Windows Great Insulators 0323
Pumping Heat a Mile Underground Is Helping One City Cut Carbon 0323
Elon Musk Really Wants Tesla to Make Home Heat Pumps 0323
How Much Does a Heat Pump Cost? 0223
Heat Pumps Sell Like Hotcakes on America’s Oil-Rich Alaska Frontier 0223
The Race across Europe to Build Green Steel Plants 0223
Washing Machines and Fridges Could Be Much Cheaper to Power by 2027 - 0223
Bill Gates Is Backing a New Window Design for Buildings, to Hold Heat In 0223
Italy Gets Cold Feet over EU Greener Buildings Plan 0223
The Enormous Heat Pumps Warming Cities 0223
India Plans $4.3 Billion Spending for Energy Transition 0223
How Supermarket Freezers Are Heating Earth, and How They Could Change 0123
US Company Gets $120 Million Boost to Make ‘Green Steel’ 0123
Steelmaking Breakthrough Could Save Money and Almost All Emissions 0123
Cement Made at Room Temperature with Green Electricity Helps Decarbonize 0123
Getting Climate-Friendly Heat Pumps into Pennsylvania Houses Will Be Hard 0123
Solar-Powered Refrigerators Are Effective against Hunger, Slow Climate Change 0123
Why Everyone Is Going to Need a Heat Pump 0123
Green Cooling Tech Is Based on the Idea of Salt Melting Ice 0123
Norway’s Blastr Plans €4 Billion Green Steel Plant in Finland 0123
2022 Articles
Britain’s Gas Prices Bring Heat Pump Adoption to New Places 1222
World Bank Lays Out $1.5 Trillion Green Cooling Plan for India 1122
China Is Leading the World on Heat-Pump Adoption 1122
Smart Glass Emerges as an Energy Saver 1122
These New Induction Stoves Want to Convince You to Ditch Gas 1122
Global Emissions from Buildings, Construction Climb to Record Levels 1122
Empty (at Night) Buildings Consume More Energy than You Think 1022
Helsinki’s Plan to Use Cold Seawater with Heat Pumps to Heat Homes 1022
Breakthroughs Are Helping Even Cement and Steel Go Electric 1022
New Technology Could Help Air Conditioning’s Climate Problem 0922
Heat Pumps Take Off in Coal-Loving Poland amid Ukraine War 0922
How to Decarbonize Your Home, with Help from the Inflation Reduction Act 0822
Climate Change Is Pushing Hospitals to Tipping Point 0722
The Search for an AC That Doesn’t Destroy the Planet 0822
Spain Air Conditioning Crackdown Set to Take Effect 0822
Utilities from New York to Tokyo Offer Prizes to Cut Power Use 0722
Europe Is Overheating. This Climate-Friendly A/C Could Help. 0722
British Homes Were Built to Retain Heat. That’s Becoming a Problem. 0722
In London and Looking to Cool Down? Consider a Heat Pump 0722
Washington State to Require Electric Heating in Building Code Update 0422
These Scientists Are Working on Carbon-Free Cement 0422
Making Steel without Damaging the Climate 0622
Microsoft, Salesforce Add $300 Million to Carbon Removal’s Growing Cash Pile 0522
How to Install Heat Pumps in Millions of European Apartments 0522
Dutch Homes Will Have to Install Hybrid Heat Pumps From 2026 - 0522
How Public Schools Are Going Net Zero 0522
On Earth Day, UMass Amherst Unveils Major Renewable Energy Overhaul 0422 - Deep-well geothermal heat pump to heat 40 buildings on campus. Other heat pumps and heat recovery chillers too. Buy 100% renewable power within about a decade, when the campus becomes net-zero
It’s Time for a Net Zero Building Boom 0422
Lower-CO2 Nature-Friendly Concrete Better Defends Coasts from Rising Seas 0322
California's Climate Fight - EVs & Heat Pumps May Raise Power Demand 90% 0322
Super Energy-Efficient Houses 0222 - In building Maine’s new “passive” homes, super insulation and very tight air sealing happen in specific sequence. Instead of a fossil-fueled furnace, use an air-source heat pump. 10% more upfront for home, but far lower energy bills. “The house won’t freeze if you lose power in the winter, which is a frequent occurrence in rural Maine.”
Engineered Bacteria Eat CO2, Release Valuable Carbon-Negative Acetone and Isopropyl 0322
US Army Plans Microgrids, Electric Vehicle Fleet in 1st Climate Strategy 0222
Startup Promises Green Steel by 2025 as Decarbonization Race Heats Up 0222
How the Humble Heat Pump Became the Next Hot Climate Tool 0122
Steelmaker SSAB Plans to Cut Carbon Far Faster than Before 0122
Why You (and the Planet) Really Need a Heat Pump 0322 - It’s easier to move heat around than to make it by burning fossil fuels. Home heat pumps can be air source or ground source. The backyard as a battery.
2021 Articles
Britain’s Gas Prices Bring Heat Pump Adoption to New Places 1222
World Bank Lays Out $1.5 Trillion Green Cooling Plan for India 1122
China Is Leading the World on Heat-Pump Adoption 1122
Smart Glass Emerges as an Energy Saver 1122
These New Induction Stoves Want to Convince You to Ditch Gas 1122
Global Emissions from Buildings, Construction Climb to Record Levels 1122
Empty (at Night) Buildings Consume More Energy than You Think 1022
Helsinki’s Plan to Use Cold Seawater with Heat Pumps to Heat Homes 1022
Breakthroughs Are Helping Even Cement and Steel Go Electric 1022
New Technology Could Help Air Conditioning’s Climate Problem 0922
Heat Pumps Take Off in Coal-Loving Poland amid Ukraine War 0922
How to Decarbonize Your Home, with Help from the Inflation Reduction Act 0822
Climate Change Is Pushing Hospitals to Tipping Point 0722
The Search for an AC That Doesn’t Destroy the Planet 0822
Spain Air Conditioning Crackdown Set to Take Effect 0822
Utilities from New York to Tokyo Offer Prizes to Cut Power Use 0722
Europe Is Overheating. This Climate-Friendly A/C Could Help. 0722
British Homes Were Built to Retain Heat. That’s Becoming a Problem. 0722
In London and Looking to Cool Down? Consider a Heat Pump 0722
Washington State to Require Electric Heating in Building Code Update 0422
These Scientists Are Working on Carbon-Free Cement 0422
Making Steel without Damaging the Climate 0622
Microsoft, Salesforce Add $300 Million to Carbon Removal’s Growing Cash Pile 0522
How to Install Heat Pumps in Millions of European Apartments 0522
Dutch Homes Will Have to Install Hybrid Heat Pumps From 2026 - 0522
How Public Schools Are Going Net Zero 0522
On Earth Day, UMass Amherst Unveils Major Renewable Energy Overhaul 0422 - Deep-well geothermal heat pump to heat 40 buildings on campus. Other heat pumps and heat recovery chillers too. Buy 100% renewable power within about a decade, when the campus becomes net-zero
It’s Time for a Net Zero Building Boom 0422
Lower-CO2 Nature-Friendly Concrete Better Defends Coasts from Rising Seas 0322
California's Climate Fight - EVs & Heat Pumps May Raise Power Demand 90% 0322
Super Energy-Efficient Houses 0222 - In building Maine’s new “passive” homes, super insulation and very tight air sealing happen in specific sequence. Instead of a fossil-fueled furnace, use an air-source heat pump. 10% more upfront for home, but far lower energy bills. “The house won’t freeze if you lose power in the winter, which is a frequent occurrence in rural Maine.”
Engineered Bacteria Eat CO2, Release Valuable Carbon-Negative Acetone and Isopropyl 0322
US Army Plans Microgrids, Electric Vehicle Fleet in 1st Climate Strategy 0222
Startup Promises Green Steel by 2025 as Decarbonization Race Heats Up 0222
How the Humble Heat Pump Became the Next Hot Climate Tool 0122
Steelmaker SSAB Plans to Cut Carbon Far Faster than Before 0122
Did I Turn Off the Stove? Yes, but Maybe Not the Gas. 0122
N.Y.C.’s Gas Ban Takes Fight against Climate Change to the Kitchen 1221
Biden Orders Federal Vehicles and Buildings to Use Renewable Energy by 2050 - 1221
Steel’s Path to Go Green Will Cost Industry Up to $278 Billion 1121
Biggest South African Cement Firm Sets 2050 Net Zero Target 1121
Forget Gas and Hydrogen. Your Next Boiler Should Be a Heat Pump. 1121
The Sustainable Industrial Revolution Is Just Getting Started 1121 - emphasis on motors and steel
Canadian Steelmakers Embrace ‘Green Steel' as Carbon Taxes Set to Rise 1121
Baowu, World’s Top Steelmaker Outlines 6-Point Plan to Cut Emissions 1121
Greening Production at the World's Biggest Brick-maker Yields Record Profit 1121
Mass Save Program Proposes Incentives to Convert Gas Furnaces to Heat Pumps 1121
Over 40 Nations Pledge to Cut Emissions from Their Health Industries 1121
Toronto Has World’s Largest Lake-Powered Cooling System. How It Works. 1121 - It uses bottom water at 39°F and very low power, passive, heat exchanges. And by using gravity more than pumps, it consumes 70% less energy for cooling.
EU-US Steel Trade Pact Is Surprisingly Important 1121 - US steel is much less carbon-intensive than China’s. With EU carbon price, this means EU will import more steel from US and less dirty steel from China. However, China is EU’s largest trading partner. MOre on Nordhaus’ climate club.
Material Thinner than Human Hair Could Slash Carbon Emissions 1121 - good for ultra-thin membrane, for separating gases. This is very useful, and cheaper, for making notably electricity, steel, and glass.
‘It’s Not as Carbon-Hungry’ - UK’s Largest Sunlit Vertical Farm Begins Harvest 1021
Cement Makers across World Pledge Large Cut in Emissions by 2030 - 1021
Running Homes & Cars on Just Electricity Can Save Households AU$5,443 a Year 1021
Concrete Needs to Lose Its Colossal Carbon Footprint 1021 - Use green electricity for process heat, capture process CO2 from smokestack and pump it back into concrete - for better stength and long-term storage - and use slag from iron & steel production or unused fly ash.
Big Carbon Pollution Lurks in Basements and Attics - Space & Water Heaters 0921
DOE Stirs Up Climate Fight over Building Codes 0921
California’s Plan to Make New Buildings Greener Will Raise Costs 0821
Sweden's HYBRIT Delivers World's 1st Fossil-Free Steel 0821
Climate-Proof US Homes - Use the Least Energy Possible, from Cleanest Sources 0821
A Techno-Economic Analysis of Carbon Capture Options in industry 0721
Harmonization results indicate that CO2 mitigation potentials vary for each sub-sector, resulting in reductions of 1.4–2.7 t CO2/tonne (t) of steel (77%–149%), 0.7 t CO2/t cement (92%), 0.2 t CO2/t crude oil (68%), 1.9 t CO2/t pulp (1663%–2548%), and 34.9 t CO2/t H2 (313%).
Switch from Subsidies to Carbon Taxes May Improve PV-Coupled Heat Pump Uptake 0721
Lawn Care Is Going Electric. And the Revolution Is Here to Stay. 0621
Can Industry Decarbonize Steelmaking? 0621
Cool Roofs, Cooler Designs as Building Industry Embraces Energy Sustainability 0621
Your Next Car and Clothes Dryer Could Help Save Our Planet 0621 - Senator Heinrich (D-NM)
A New Study Shows Getting to Net-Zero Emissions Is Doable. Here’s How. 0521 - Electrify everything, including industrial processes. Make electricity carbon-free.
How the Global Steel Industry Is Cutting Out Coal 0521 - Replace a blast furnace with an electric arc (or natural gas) furnace. Use hydrogen instead of carbon to separate iron from its ore. Recycle more steel.
Why Renewable Electricity Powers Decarbonization — and Pays Off 0421 - heat pumps, induction cooking, electric machines in industry (led by cement and steel) replacing heat from fossil fuels, electric vehicles, etc.
Manufacturers Are Now Providing Data for Buying Climate-Friendly Refrigerators 0421
Hospitals Try to Curb Astronomical Emissions amid New Pandemic Challenges 0421
2020 Articles and earlier
Planet-Warming Emissions from Buildings Put Climate Goals at Risk 1220
China’s Climate-Friendly Propane Air Conditioners Are Blocked by US’ UL 1220
Getting Building Height Right for the Climate 1120 - 4-story courtyard builing is optimal. High rises require a lot of energy for elevators, pumping up water and cool air.
Geothermal Heat Pumps Could Provide Carbon-Free Heat for Buildings 1120
Bringing the Chill of the Cosmos to a Warming Planet 1020 - Cooling by radiating to space at specific wavelengths that pass straight through our atmosphere, at a wavelength that greenhouse gases do not absorb. The radiating coating film also almost perfectly reflects incoming liight, using nanoscale technology. The concept has been used very locally for centuries. It’s the reason frost can form on clear nights when the temperature stays above 32°F.
World’s 1st Fossil-Free Steel-Making Starts in Northern Sweden 0920
PG&E Gets on Board with All-Electric New Buildings in California 0620
Energy Efficiency Helped Empire State Building Save Money, Cut CO2 40%. 0520
556 Buildings in Pittsburgh’s 2030 District Are Greatly Reducing Energy Use 0520
Goodbye, Gas Furnaces? Why Electrification Is the Future of Home Heating 0120
Tesla's Australian Virtual Power Plant Propped up Grid during Coal Outage 1219
This Is What Cities Need to Do by 2050 to Meet Climate Goals 0919
Electricity Demand Will Soar as Households Try to Cope with More Heat 0619
Affordable, Self-Heating Homes of the Future, Inspired by the Past 0319
Net-Zero Energy Homes Pay Off Faster Than You Think, Even in Chilly Midwest 1218
Fast-Rising Demand for Air Conditioning Is Adding to Global Warming 1118
Low Cost, Low Energy Cooling System Shows Promise for Climate Change 1018 - technical, about below - U of Colorado
Without these coatings, space cooling (air conditioning) could use as much electricity by 2050 as China now uses total.
Super-Reflective Coating Keeps Buildings Cool, so We Don’t Need as Much A/C 0918 - general, about above - Columbia U
New York City Took Step toward Cutting Its Top Source of Climate Pollution 0818
How to Prevent Cooling from Warming Up the World 0718 - improve efficiency, eliminate HFCs (& CFCs)
South Africa Aims for ‘Zero Carbon' Buildings in Green Push 0518
Carbon-less Anode Could Be Aluminum Smelting’s Biggest Advance in 130 Years 0518
Warming Climate to Nearly Double Demand for Cooling Appliances 0418
SkyCool’s New Material Could Improve Air Conditioning Efficiency 20% 0418 - Material’s infrared radiation passes thru air.
Electrification (to Reduce Carbon Emissions) Could Be a Lifeline for Utilities 0318 - electricity for space heating and transport
Tax Breaks and a Google Startup Bringing Earth's Heat into Homes 0218 - ground-source heat pumps
Europe's Microwave Ovens Emit Nearly as Much CO2 as 2-3 Million Cars 0118
Fighting Climate Change, One Laundry Load at a Time 0118
Using Outer Space to Help Cool Buildings on Earth 1017 - Materials that radiate infrared at wavelengths that are not absorbed by greenhouse gases
Indian Builders Pledge “Green" Homes in Race to Meet Climate Goals 0717
Passive Housing Cuts Costs – and Global Warming 0617 - Passive house gets most of the way to zero carbon.
Ultra-Efficient Portland Apartment Building Doesn’t Need Central Heating 0617
Buildings Smarten Up - Consider Occupants, Utility Rates and the Weather 0217
High-Tech Film Cools Buildings without Consuming Energy 0217 white/mirror film with micron bubbles radiates, not absorbs
Emerging Climate Accord Could Push A/C Out of Sweltering India’s Reach 1016
This Building Could End the Office Thermostat War and Abolish Fuel Poverty 0916 at-desk space heaters
New Membrane Could Save $2 Billion a Year for U.S. Industries 0816
The KiloWatt You Never Use - How National Grid Plans to Save Customers $3.6B through Efficiency 0816
Mobile Homes Move toward Efficiency 0816
How Eco Homes Can Cut Your Energy Bills – or Even Make Money 0716 - designer homes
Power Plants Are No longer Biggest US Climate Problem. Transportation Is. 0616 Buildings and afctories are a close #3.
What Adding 700 Million Air Conditioners Means for the Climate 0516 - Make them VERY efficient.
Your Home Water Heater May Soon Double as a Battery 0216
Those Days You Work From Home May End Up Wrecking the Planet 0216 - Home energy use 20% more for work-at-home.
Fixing Drafty Old Buildings Becomes $20 Billion U.S. Industry 0116
Pushing the Envelope to Make Buildings Greener 0116 - leaks in commercial & industrial buildings in Canada
Your Kitchen Is a Battleground in Obama Energy Efficiency Push 0116
43 efficiency rules since 2009 will save enough to eliminate 96 power plants.
Posh New York City Hotels Pledge to Go Green 1215
Green Homes Plan Finally Gets EU Funding for Just 10% of Proposed Houses 1115
3 Universities Get into Hot Water, Cut Emissions, and Save Money 1015 - all in, hot water is much cheaper than steam
New York City Stores Must Keep Doors Closed if Air-Conditioning Is On 1015
1/3 of US Construction Market Could Be Green by 2018 - 0915
Which of These Student-Designed Solar Houses Will Be the Home of the Future? 0915
India’s Fuel Retailers Bet on Solar Power with Easy Loans 0815
Savvy Ways to Keep Your Home Cool 0715
Europe to America - Your Love of Air-Conditioning Is Stupid 0715
The Home that Pays Its Own Utility Bill (and Then Some) 0715
'Green' Roofs Not Always the Most Energy-Efficient 0615
In Just a Week, This Kit Turns Old Houses into Zero-Energy Homes (for Free) 0615 - using a very low (social) discount rate
Boston's Logan Airport Drafts Climate Change Plan 0515
Cool Homes, Hot Planet - How Air Conditioning Explains the World 0415
Hand over Control of My Fridge to an Energy Company? No Thanks, Say Brits 0415
New York Plans Housing Project Upgrades to Reduce Emissions, Utility Costs 0415
Water Source Heat Pumps 'Could Warm a Million Homes in England' 0315
Your High-Rise Is Warming the Globe - Household Emission Tops Calcutta List 0315
Environmental Report Details Heat’s Costly Escape Through Elevator Shafts 0315
Germany Seeks to Boost Renewable Sources of Heating 0315
Apple to Invest €1.7 Billion in Green European Data Centers 0215
EU introduces New Rules to Make Cooking Greener 0215
'Smart’ Windows Could Save Energy 0215
Your Home Is Full of Devices That Never Turn Off, Costing You Money. 0215
Chinese Developers Get Active Building Passive (Superinsulated) Energy Homes 0115
Coffee Machines, etc. to Power Down Under New EU Energy Rules 0115
How Smart Glass Windows Slash Energy Bills 1214
Scientists Take Step Toward Revolutionary Coolant ... Using Outer Space? 1114
Norwegian House-Power Plant Produces Twice The Energy It Uses 0914
New Air Conditioner Standards Would Be Biggest Energy Saver in DOE History 0814
One Company, OPower, Is Really Psyched about EPA's Big Climate-Change Rule 0814
Your Thermostat Is About to Get 'Smart' 1113
Push Urged for More Cool Roofs for Baltimore 1013
Weatherizing Homes to Uniform Standard Can Save UK $33 Billion Annually 1013
How Hospitals Can Help Fight Climate Change 0813
Radical Norway Retrofit Give Positive Net Energy 0213
Largest US Ground Source Heat Pump at Ball State 0212
Power Demand from US Homes Falling 0911
Hitachi's Solar Air Conditioning 0111
Commercial Retrofits Could Save $41 Billion by 2020 - 0710
Roof Tiles Change Color to Save Energy 1009
Ground Source Heat Pumps 0809 - PDF
Flat TVs Use Potent New Greenhouse Gas 0708
Ice Is Nice 0507 - Make ice at night, melt it by day for cold water to pipe around to cool buildings. This uses cheap energy at night (wind?) to replace expensive energy (gas? oil? peakers) on hot afternoons.
These Are the Toughest Emissions to Cut, a Big Chunk of the Climate Problem 0618 unduly pessimistic view?
1. Setting the thermostat higher or lower will heat or cool the house faster.
2. Heating and cooling systems "work harder" to reach a comfortable temperature, after setback or set forward.
3. Energy efficiency and energy conservation are the same thing.
4. When an appliance is turned off, it is off.
5. CFLs are more harmful for the environment than traditional bulbs, because they contain mercury.
6. Leaving lights, computers, and appliances on uses less energy than turning them on and off.
7. Duct tape is the best choice for sealing ducts.
8. Purchasing an efficient air-conditioner or furnace will automatically reduce energy bills.
9. Dimming lights by 50% will cut lighting costs in half.
10. Closing off vents will help to lower heating and cooling costs.
Section Map: Energy Use