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This section contains articles about ice, arranged in 7 major groups: Ice Dynamics, Antarctica, Greenland, Other Glaciers, Combined Regions, Sea Ice, and Snow. The many articles on permafrost and seabed methane hydrates are found in the Carbon+ Emissions section.
Month and year follow each article's name. PDF files are so marked, after month and date, some with authors noted. Within sections, more recent files appear above older files.
Diagrams are generally immediately below the summary articles from which they were taken.
Several of the articles below point to faster changes observed in glaciers and ice sheets than models allow for. That is, ice models need to be improved to account better for the processes identified. The upshot is that ice loss generally occurs faster that models project. This implies that sea level, during this century, will rise faster than most projections.
Ice melt, sea level rise & superstorms - paleoclimate data, climate modeling & modern observations show 2°C global warming is highly dangerous - Hansen 0715.pdf - 20 pp, abridgement of the peer-reviewed publication
The final published paper: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3761/2016/
The video discussion: https://youtu.be/JP-cRqCORc8
Link to Hansen's web page, his Communications, etc.: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/
Newspaper articles:
Gillis, New York Times: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2016/Gillis. NewY orkTimes.22March2016.pdf
Urry, grist: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2016/Grist.AmeliaUrry.22March2016.pdf
Articles
Glacier Experts Uncover Critical Flaw in Sea-Level Rise Predictions 0125.rtfWarm Seawater Encroaches on Filchner Ice Shelf, Raises Sea Level Concerns 0125.rtfClimate Change Triggered Landslide, 110 Meter Tsunami, 9-Day Earth Vibration 0924.rtfGlaciologist Reveals What We Still Don’t Understand about the Polar Ice Sheets 0124.rtfAccelerating Melt Rate Makes Greenland Ice Sheet World’s Largest ‘Dam’ 0222.rtfSoot Is Accelerating Snow Melt in Popular Parts of Antarctica 0222.rtfSerious, Salty Trouble Is Brewing under Antarctic Glaciers 0222.rtfEerie ‘Blood Snow’ Is Likely Synced Up with Climate Change 0222.rtfSun-Loving Bacteria May Be Accelerating Glacial Melting 0121.rtfCracks in the Greenland Ice Sheet Are Producing Massive Waterfalls 1219.rtfWhat’s Driving Antarctica's Meltdown? 1119.rtfAlgae Blooms to Make Glaciers Melt Faster than Thought 1019.rtfClick for moreArticles
A New Risk Grows - Ice Slabs Worsen Runoff in Greenland's Extreme Melting 0919.rtfOceans Are Melting Glaciers from Below Much Faster than Predicted 0719.rtfTall Ice Cliffs Are Slumping, May Trigger Rapid Sea-Level Rise 0419.rtfDust from Melting Glaciers Could Create Clouds 0319.rtfWildfire Soot Darkening Glaciers Could Speed Up Melt Rate 0119.rtfGlobal Warming Is Destabilizing Mountain Slopes, Creating Landslide Risks 0918.rtfGlobal Warming Is Melting Antarctic Ice from Below 0518.rtfUndermined by Warm Water, West Antarctic Glacier Lost 1,607 Feet of Ice Thickness in under 10 Years 1016.rtfRecord Greenland Melting Caused by Surprising Feedback Loop 0616.rtf - Growing Arctic sea ice LOSS warms ice more.These Elephant Seals Taught Scientists Why Antarctica Is Melting So Fast 0616.rtf Our sensors on them measure sea warming to melt ice shelves and glaciers from below.Better Models of Antarctic Ice Collapse Show Much Faster Sea Level Rise 0416.rtfBacteria Could Be Speeding Up the Darkening of Greenland's Ice 0316.rtfIce Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms - Hansen 0316.pdfJames Hansen Warns of Much Worse than Expected Sea Level Rise 0316.rtf - take 2 on study belowWe Had All Better Hope These Scientists Are Wrong about Earth’s Future 0316.rtf - take 1 on study belowGreenland’s Melting Is ‘Feeding on Itself’ 0316.rtfGreenland Ice Sheet Melts up to 1:3 Faster under Cloudy Skies 0116.rtfNew Discovery Shows Greenland Could Be Making Sea-Level Rise Even Worse 0116.rtfGreenland Melt Prompts NASA Fears of Coastal Flooding 0815.rtfScientists Can Finally Explain Why Huge Lakes atop Greenland Are Vanishing 0615.rtfSea-Level Rise Accelerating, as Earth's Ice Sheets Melt 0515.rtfIce Cores Show 200-Year N-S Poles Climate Lag 0515.rtfModels of Greenland Ice Melting Could Be Way Off. Florida Beware! 1214.rtfChain Reaction Shattered Huge Antarctica Ice Shelf 0813.rtfLike Butter - Study Explains Surprising Acceleration of Greenland’s Inland Ice 0713.rtfNew Iceberg Theory Points to Risk of Rapid Disintegration, Fast Sea Level Rise 0713.rtfJury Still Out on Cause of Melting Ice Sheets 0713.rtfLook Out Below - Antarctic Melting from Underneath 0613.rtfSoot Outdoes CO2 Melting Himalayan Ice 0311.rtfGreenland Ice Melts in Spurts 0812.rtfIce Sheets Can Change Fast 0912.rtfOcean Warming Is Melting Polar Sheets Even Faster 0711.rtfWarm Ocean Drives Antarctic Ice Loss 0412.rtf
Cold icemelt from Antarctica spreads out along the ocean surface. That prevents the vertical mixing (warmer water to the top) there that has driven the great ocean circulation. In Antarctica, the warmer water below the ice eats away at glaciers from underneath. Cold icemelt from Greenland leads to shutdown of the Atlantic overturning circulation.
Ice losses from Greenland and Antartica grow, modelled as exponentially, with doubling times of 10, 20, or 40 years. Sea level rises non-linearly, 5-9 meters over 50 to 150 years. This is simlar to what happened 120,000 years ago, when sea levels rose from 3-4 meters higher than today to about 9 meters higher, including 2-3 meters within several decades. (For perspective, the sea level range (maximum - minimum) over the recent ice ages was about 125 meters.)
Section Map: Ice
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