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Selling sequestration credits is shaky, for several reasons. 1. Carbon may only move from the lower solis layers to the top foot. 2. Carbon may not stay in the ground nearly as long (a century) as the soil credit is sold for. 3. The error bars for measurements or claims are very wide, and include zero. 4. Sampling is relatively costly, so samples from a few sampled fields are combined in a computer model to estimate savings for many more unsampled fields. 5. Other lesser issues.
2019-2025 Articles
Climate Change “Will Accelerate” Owing to Decline in Natural Carbon Storage 0325.rtfPervasive Aquatic Vegetation Organic Carbon Losses in China 0125.docxTo Protect the Ozone Layer and Slow Global Warming, Fertilizers Must Be Deployed More Efficiently 1124.rtfScientists Figured Out Why Methane Levels Are Rising - Microbes & Wetlands 1124.rtfTrees and Land Absorbed Almost No CO2 Last Year. Is Nature’s Carbon Sink Failing? 1024.rtfSurging Methane Emissions Could Be a Sign of a Major Climate Shift 0824.rtf - Permafrost's natural CH4 emissions trail only those of tropical wetlands. Not all permafrost CH4 emissions come from under fresh water; some come from upland areas: yedomas.Earth’s Oldest, Tiniest Creatures to Be Climate Winners, for Huge Repercussions 0824.rtf - Blue-green algae projected to decrease less than other microscopic sea creatures (phyoplankton) and fish that consume them (1.5% versus 3-5% per 1°C of ocean warming). The result is lower overall ocean biomass and an additional 800 million tonnes of CO2 a year net emissions from the oceans (carbon sink turning to carbon source). How Factory Farming Ends, Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions 0824.rtfTurning Methane from Dairy Barns and Coal Mines to CO2 Fights Climate Change 0124.rtfCanada’s 2023 Wildfires Spewed More CO2, So Far, than Mexico Did in 2021 - 0923.rtfGreece’s Wildfires Are Burning through Its Natural Carbon Stores 0723.rtfWildfires Are Set to Triple Canada’s Climate Emissions This Year 0723.rtfHydropower Reservoirs, Once Called Clean Energy, Are ‘Giant Methane Factories’ 0723.rtfCanada’s Explosive Wildfires Have Damaged a Forest Carbon Offset Project 0623.rtfFederal Regulations Fail to Contain Methane Emissions from Landfills 0523.rtfTropical Biomass Loss from Climate Change Could Increase CO2 Emissions 0123.rtfScientists Now Know Why Methane Mysteriously Surged during Lockdowns 0223.rtfLow Salt Marsh Habitats Release More Carbon in Response to Warming 0123.rtfTermites in Australia Are Hungrier and on the March as Climate Heats Up 0123.rtfA Trash Heap 62 Meters High Shows the Scale of India’s Climate Challenge 1222.rtfForest Fires Wipe Out California’s 2020 Record for Greenhouse Gas Reductions 1022.rtfDeforestation Surges in World’s #2 Tropical Forest 1122.rtf‘Carbon Time Bomb’ - Climate Crisis Threatens to Destroy Congo Peatlands 1122.rtfClick for more2019-2025 Articles
GT Carbon Net Loss in Forests of Canada, Amazon & Australia + Permafrost 0922.rtfWildfires Are Destroying California's Forest Carbon Credit Reserves 0822.rtfForest Fires Burn Twice as Many Trees as 2 Decades Ago 0822.rtfNo-Till May Not Be the Agricultural Panacea We Thought It Was 0822.rtf - With no-till, more carbon is found in the top 10 cm of soil, but even less (than before) 10-60 cm down, for less carbon (0.28 to 2.29 tonnes / hectare) stored aross the whole soil profile. Based on 144 studies over the last 50 years. Un-tilled soil becomes compacted over time.Methane Emissions Much More Sensitive to Global Heating than Earlier Thought 0722.rtfCattle Burp Methane Emissions Measured From Space for First Time 0422.rtfDR Congo to Auction Oil Blocks in One of the World’s Largest Carbon Sinks 0522.rtfExperts Fear These Forests Could Shift from Absorbing CO2 to Emitting It 0422.rtfHow Corn Ethanol for Biofuel Fed Climate Change 0222.rtfAmazon Losing Far More Carbon from Forest Degradation than Deforestation 0222.rtfAcross the Boreal Forest, Scientists Are Tracking Warming’s Toll 0122.rtfThe Corn Belt’s Topsoil Loss Is Increasing Carbon Emissions, Lowering Yields 0122.rtfThe Race to Defuse Congo’s Carbon Bomb 1221.rtfTrees in the Wetlands Emit More Methane than Researchers Thought 1221.rtfSiberia’s Massive Wildfires Are Unlocking Extreme Carbon Pollution 0821.rtfFires Harming California’s Efforts to Curb Climate Change 0821.rtfSoil-Science Revolution Upends Plans to Fight Climate Change 0721.rtf - Many, more recent, studies indicate that, when soil carbon building practices (no-till, cover crops, etc.) are used, more carbon shows up in the top. "When farmers skipped the tilling and instead drilled seeds into the ground, carbon stores grew in upper soil layers, but they disappeared from lower layers. Most experts now believe that the practice redistributes carbon within the soil rather than increases it.”
Moreover, that the researchers found — or, more specifically, what they didn’t find — was shocking: there were few or no long “recalcitrant” carbon molecules — the kind that don’t break down. Almost everything seemed to be small and, in principle, digestible.Hotter and Drier - Deforestation and Wildfires Take a Toll on the Amazon 0721.rtfBrazil’s Amazonia, Led by Its East, Is Now a Carbon Source 0721.rtfNitrous Oxide, Powerful Greenhouse Gas, Is on the Rise from Ocean Dead Zones 0721.rtfNorthern Farms Are Releasing Massive Amounts of Carbon from Peat 0621.rtf'Quick Fixes' to the Climate Crisis Risk Harming Nature 0621.rtf e.g., trees that burn or are unsuited to where they are plantedEnormous Missing Contribution to Global Warming Is Right under Our Feet 0621.rtf - peatWhy Indonesia’s Rice Paddy Expansion Is Raising Climate Concerns 0521.rtf - draining peat / swamps and peat firesThe Brazilian Amazon Is Burning, Again 0621.rtfFish ‘Not as Carbon Friendly' as Previously Thought 0521.rtfTrawling for Fish May Unleash as Much Carbon as Air Travel 0321.rtfAll-Amazon Greenhouse-Gas Study Suggests Forest Worsens Climate Change 0321.rtf500+ Experts Call on World’s Nations to Not Burn Forests for Energy 0221.rtfNet, Land Absorbs Carbon Now, but It Could Emit It in Just a Few Decades 0121.rtfMany Overheated Forests May Soon Release More Carbon than They Absorb 0121.rtfHuman Use Has Increased Grasslands' Contribution to Climate Change 0121.rtfSicker Livestock Emit More Methane, Accelerating Climate Change 1020.rtfGlobal Warming Could Unlock Carbon from Tropical Soil 0820.rtfCow Burps, Leaky Pipelines Put Earth on High-End Warming Track 0720.rtfSiberian Fires Have Released a Record Amount of Carbon This Year 0720.rtfAmazon Fires at 13-Year High for June 0720.rtf‘Zombie Fires’ in the Arctic Pump Out Carbon at Record Pace 0720.rtfArctic Battling Climate Change and Beavers 0720.rtf - Beaver ponds mean carbon emerges as CH4 more than CO2Frequently Dry Waterways Still Contribute to Carbon Emissions 0620.rtfWhy ‘Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks’ Could Drive Temperatures Even Higher 0420.rtfSurge in Global Methane Emissions Traced Back to East African Wetland 1219.rtfOne California Wildfire is Spewing Enough Smoke to Rival 320,000 Cars 1019.rtfBigger, More Frequent Wildfires Turn Canada’s Boreal Forest into Carbon Source 0819.rtfThe Bizarre, Peaty Science of Arctic Wildfires 0719.rtf - So far in 2019, Arctic fires have released more CO2 into the air than what Belgium emits annually. That beats the previous ecord, set in 2004—and we’re only in June.Arctic Wildfires Continue to Burn, Releasing Record Amounts of CO2 - 0719.rtf - The amount of CO2 emitted from Arctic Circle fires in June 2019 is larger than all of the CO2 released from Arctic Circle fires in the same month from 2010 through to 2018 put together.Scientists Zero in on Trees as a Surprisingly Large Source of Methane 0619.rtfClimate Change Being Fueled by Soil Damage 0419.rtfWorsening Algae Blooms Could Significantly Increase Global Methane Emissions 0319.rtf
Moreover, that the researchers found — or, more specifically, what they didn’t find — was shocking: there were few or no long “recalcitrant” carbon molecules — the kind that don’t break down. Almost everything seemed to be small and, in principle, digestible.Hotter and Drier - Deforestation and Wildfires Take a Toll on the Amazon 0721.rtfBrazil’s Amazonia, Led by Its East, Is Now a Carbon Source 0721.rtfNitrous Oxide, Powerful Greenhouse Gas, Is on the Rise from Ocean Dead Zones 0721.rtfNorthern Farms Are Releasing Massive Amounts of Carbon from Peat 0621.rtf'Quick Fixes' to the Climate Crisis Risk Harming Nature 0621.rtf e.g., trees that burn or are unsuited to where they are plantedEnormous Missing Contribution to Global Warming Is Right under Our Feet 0621.rtf - peatWhy Indonesia’s Rice Paddy Expansion Is Raising Climate Concerns 0521.rtf - draining peat / swamps and peat firesThe Brazilian Amazon Is Burning, Again 0621.rtfFish ‘Not as Carbon Friendly' as Previously Thought 0521.rtfTrawling for Fish May Unleash as Much Carbon as Air Travel 0321.rtfAll-Amazon Greenhouse-Gas Study Suggests Forest Worsens Climate Change 0321.rtf500+ Experts Call on World’s Nations to Not Burn Forests for Energy 0221.rtfNet, Land Absorbs Carbon Now, but It Could Emit It in Just a Few Decades 0121.rtfMany Overheated Forests May Soon Release More Carbon than They Absorb 0121.rtfHuman Use Has Increased Grasslands' Contribution to Climate Change 0121.rtfSicker Livestock Emit More Methane, Accelerating Climate Change 1020.rtfGlobal Warming Could Unlock Carbon from Tropical Soil 0820.rtfCow Burps, Leaky Pipelines Put Earth on High-End Warming Track 0720.rtfSiberian Fires Have Released a Record Amount of Carbon This Year 0720.rtfAmazon Fires at 13-Year High for June 0720.rtf‘Zombie Fires’ in the Arctic Pump Out Carbon at Record Pace 0720.rtfArctic Battling Climate Change and Beavers 0720.rtf - Beaver ponds mean carbon emerges as CH4 more than CO2Frequently Dry Waterways Still Contribute to Carbon Emissions 0620.rtfWhy ‘Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks’ Could Drive Temperatures Even Higher 0420.rtfSurge in Global Methane Emissions Traced Back to East African Wetland 1219.rtfOne California Wildfire is Spewing Enough Smoke to Rival 320,000 Cars 1019.rtfBigger, More Frequent Wildfires Turn Canada’s Boreal Forest into Carbon Source 0819.rtfThe Bizarre, Peaty Science of Arctic Wildfires 0719.rtf - So far in 2019, Arctic fires have released more CO2 into the air than what Belgium emits annually. That beats the previous ecord, set in 2004—and we’re only in June.Arctic Wildfires Continue to Burn, Releasing Record Amounts of CO2 - 0719.rtf - The amount of CO2 emitted from Arctic Circle fires in June 2019 is larger than all of the CO2 released from Arctic Circle fires in the same month from 2010 through to 2018 put together.Scientists Zero in on Trees as a Surprisingly Large Source of Methane 0619.rtfClimate Change Being Fueled by Soil Damage 0419.rtfWorsening Algae Blooms Could Significantly Increase Global Methane Emissions 0319.rtf
2018 Articles and earlier
2018 Articles and earlier
Why Peatlands Matter in the Battle against Climate Change 1218.rtfThe Seafloor Is Dissolving Because of Climate Change 1118.rtfLatitudinal Limits to Predicted Increased Peatland Carbon Sink with Warming 0918.rtfRice Farming Up to Twice as Bad for Climate Change as Previously Thought 0918.rtfGlobally Rising Soil Heterotrophic Respiration over Recent Decades 0818.rtf - abstract of studyRising Temperatures Are Causing Soil to Dump More CO2 into the Air 0818.rtf - summary of studyWhy BECCS Might Not Produce ‘Negative’ Emissions after All 0818.rtfAnother Climate Change Effect Is Superheated Bugs in the Soil, Belching Carbon 0818.rtfTracking the Shift of Tropical Forests from Carbon Sink to Source 0718.rtfMarine Heat Wave Set Off 'Carbon Bomb' in World's Largest Seagrass Meadow 0318.rtfIn California’s Wildfires, a Looming Threat to Climate Goals 1217.rtfEl Niño Might Speed Up Climate Change 1217.rtfEl Niño’s Warning - Satellite Shows How Forest CO2 Emissions Can Skyrocket 1017.rtfBaltic Sea Clams 'Giving Off as Much Gas as 20,000 Cows' 1017.rtfThere’s a Climate Bomb Under Your Feet 1017.rtfA Solution to the Atmosphere’s Methane Mystery? 0917.rtfVolcanic Eruptions Triggered Global Warming 56 Million Years Ago 0817.rtfTropical Peat Forests Risk Turning from Carbon ‘Drains' to Emitters 0617.rtfFrozen Farmers’ Fields Emit Nitrous Oxide, a Climate Change Culprit 0417.rtfSoil Microbes Hold Key to Climate Puzzle 0317.rtf - Complex soil ecosystems harbor carbon sinks and sources.Small Ponds Have Big Impact on Global Warming 0217.rtfArctic Soils Set to Release Lots of Carbon, More than Plants Can Absorb 1216.rtf - Global soil can release 55 billion tons of carbon by 2050. Take 2 on studyScientists Have Long Feared Soil Climate ‘Feedback’. Now It’s Happening. 1116.rtf - more than just permafrost soils - take 1Soil Could Become Significant CO2 Contributor in Near Future 1116.rtfQuantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming 1116.rtf - Abstract. Soils lose 30± GT of carbon for 1°C warming.How Earth Will Pay Back Our Carbon Emissions with Even More - from Peat, etc. 1016.rtfReservoirs Now Recognized a Key Source of Greenhouse Gas Methane 0916.rtf - rotting vegetation drowned by reservoirsZombie Carbon Emissions Haunt the Planet 0716.rtf - carbon from trees rotting that were killed by droughtRussian Wildfires Put Key Climate Change Resource at Risk 0716.rtfThese Peat Fires Are Huge, Hidden and Harmful. What Can We Do? 0616.rtfFort McMurray Fire’s Stunning Pulse of Carbon to the Atmosphere 0516.rtfTo Help Curb Climate Change, Stop Wasting Food 0416.rtfIs Climate Change Putting the World's Micro-Biomes at Risk? 0316.rtfIndonesia's Peat Fires Make It World’s 4th-Largest Carbon Emitter 1015.rtfWhy Scientists Are So Worried about Drylands (40% of Earth’s Land) 0915.rtfClimate Models May Misjudge Soils' Carbon Emissions 0815.rtfCoal Renaissance Means Switching to Plan B - Carbon Pricing and CO2 Removal 0715.rtfThe Complex Relationship between Agriculture and Climate Change 0715.rtfDairy Straits 0415.rtfObama Tackles Agriculture’s Role in Climate Change - Why That’s a Big Deal 0415.rtfAcidic Oceans Helped Fuel Greatest Extinction 0415.rtfIs Grass-Fed Beef Really Better for You, the Animal and the Planet? 0215.rtf - cow farts (vs sequestration from trampling soil)Farming Now Worse For Climate Than Deforestation 0215.rtfClimate Change Mitigation’s Best-Kept Secret - Methane 0115.rtfSmoldering Peat Fires Pose Global Threat 0115.rtfSquirrels and Beavers Contributing More than Thought to Global Warming 1214.rtfHydropower May Be Huge Source of Methane Emissions 1014.rtfDrowned Tropical Forests Add to Climate Change 0914.rtfWarning over Vulnerability of Soil Carbon to Warming 0914.rtfGreenhouse Gas Fear over Increased Meat Eating 0814.rtfMeasuring Cow and Pig Emissions Goes to New Heights 0714.rtfPeatland Fires Biggest Contributor to Carbon Emissions 0514.rtfAre Gassy Cattle a Bigger Problem Than US Government Thought? 1113.rtfWasted Food is World's 3rd-Biggest Carbon Emitter, after China and US 0913.rtfGlobal Methane Releases Could Be Wetlands or Wellheads 0913.rtfTropical Ecosystems Boost Carbon Dioxide as Temperatures Rise 0713.rtfGlobal Warming at Your Doorstep - Lawns 0513.rtfWild Weather Can Send GHGs Spiraling 0413.rtfEarthworms Increase Soils’ GHG Emissions, Take 2 0313.rtfEarthworms Increase Soils’ GHG Emissions 0213.rtfBlack Soot Warms 2nd Only to CO2 0113.rtfFood May Cause Almost 33% of GHG Emissions 1012.rtfAquatic Dead Zones Contributing to Climate Change 0310.rtfWetlands 11K Yr Ago Raised Carbon in Air 0409.pdfDisasters Up 4x in 20 Years 1207.rtf
World's Plants and Soils to Switch from Carbon Sink to Source by 2100 - 0415.rtf - Limits to other nutrients are important.
Maps of carbon storage on land. Upper map shows historical levels of storage (1860-69).
Lower map shows model projections of the change in storage by 2100 as a result of nitrogen and phosphorus limits, under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5). Source: Wieder et al. (2015).
Pg = billion tons (GT). Fossil fuel emissions to date are 300-400 GT (Pg).
Change in land carbon storage projections from CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models, under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5). Coloured lines show average model projection for no nutrient constraints (black), limits to nitrogen (red), and limits to nitrogen and phosphorus (blue). Box plots on right-hand side show range in model results. Source: Wieder et al. (2015).
Section Map: Carbon Emissions
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