Greenland Bedrock Topographic Map Created using ETOPO1 Global Relief Model bedrock version
Greenland holds about 10% of the world's ice. If it all melts, sea level would rise 6-7 meters (20+ feet).
Greenland ice growth began almost 10 million years ago and reached roughly current levels more than 2 million years ago.
Over the past 2 million years, ice sheets repeatedly grew and shrank across Canada, the northern US, most of Siberia, and most of northern Europe. We call these periods Ice Ages. At their peak, these ice sheets held twice as much ice as Antarctica does today. (See Hansen 0913 on Overviews page for a geologically recent history of sea level.) From 20 to 8 thousand years ago (KYa), those ice sheets vanished, raising sea levels by 1 meter per century, including 1.5 meter per century from 15 to 8 KYa.
Some researchers (Robinson, Koenig) have made the case that current CO2 levels are incompatible with continued existence of the Greenland ice cap or sheet, especially once temperatures increase to those associated with past CO2 levels this high (~ 400 ppm).
Perhaps 20% of Greenland's ice is grounded below sea level. But most of that is inland sea, not connected to the ocean. Maybe 5% to the ocean.
Shrinking the Greenland Ice Sheet Can’t Be Stopped, but It Must Be Slowed 0325.rtf
Domino Effect - Melting Greenland Ice Could Trigger Amazon Rainforest Collapse 0325.rtf
Resource-Rich Greenland Ice Loss Threatens Big Sea Level Rise, AMOC 0125.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet Is Cracking Faster than Ever 0225.rtf
1,000s of Greenland Blue Lakes Turn Brown Overnight, from Extreme Weather 0225.rtf
Climate Change Triggered Landslide, 110 Meter Tsunami, 9-Day Earth Vibration 0924.rtf
News about AMOC and Greenland and Antarctic Ice, in Scenarios 0824.rtf
New Fossils Reveal an Ice-Free Greenland, in Bad News for Sea Level Rise 0824.rtf
Greenland Is Losing More Ice than We Thought, What It Means for Our Oceans. 0124.rtf
Greenland’s Ice Shelves Hold Back Sea Level Rise. There Are Just 5 Left. 21123.rtf
What Arctic Ice Tells Us about Climate Change 0823.rtf - Greenland ice sheet in its entirety is threatened. The Arctic is warming 4 x as fast as the rest of Earth's surface. This impacts sea level rise and ocean currents. Etc.
Long-Lost Greenland Ice Core Suggests Potential Disastrous Sea Level Rise 0723.rtf - See a different summary on the Heat page, Paleo section.
Acceleration of Global Sea Level Rise Imminent past 1.8°C - 0223.rtf
Click for more
‘Fingerprint’ Discovery Confirms Alarming Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Predictions 0922.rtf
North America Heat Waves Led to Unprecedented Ice Melt in Greenland 1022.rtf
For 1st Time on Record, Greenland Saw Extensive Melting in September 0922.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet Set to Raise Sea Levels by Nearly 1 Foot 0822.rtf
Greenland’s ice Loss Last Weekend Could Cover West Virginia in a Foot of Water 0722.rtf
How Humid Air, Intensified by Climate Change, Is Melting Greenland Ice 0622.rtf
Accelerating Melt Rate Makes Greenland Ice Sheet World’s Largest ‘Dam’ 0222.rtf
Tipping Points Already Passed? (3) Greenland and the Arctic - Abrupt Change 0122.rtf
Greenland Could Melt for Millennia if Warming Stopped Today 0122.rtf
2021 Arctic Report Card Reveals Cascading Disruptions, Extreme Events, Global Connections 1221.rtf
Climate Change Has Destabilized Earth’s Poles, Imperiling the Rest of the Planet 1221.rtf
Record Greenland Glacier Calving Ice Loss, Ocean Melt in Last 12 Months 1121.rtf
Rain Fell at the Normally Snowy Summit of Greenland, for the 1st Time on Record 0821.rtf
Greenland Ice That Melted Tuesday Could Cover Florida in 2 Inches of Water 0721.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet on Brink of Major Tipping Point 0521.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet Melted Entirely 1 Million Years Ago. It Could Again. 0321.rtf
Surface of Greenland’s Ice Sheet Could Lose More Mass than It Gains by 2055 - 0221.rtf
Climate-Driven Arctic Changes Are Interconnected, Says 2020 Report Card 1220.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet on Course to Lose Ice at Fastest Rate in 12,000 Years 0920.rtf
Loss of Greenland Ice Sheet Reached a Record Last Year 0820.rtf
Warming Greenland Ice Sheet Passes Point of No Return 0820.rtf
Blue Skies Pushed Greenland ‘into the Red’ 0420.rtf
Greenland Lost a Near-Record 600 Billion Tons of Ice Last Summer 0320.rtf
Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Sea Level over the Next Millennium 0619.rtf
Global Warming’s Duration Will Decide Greenland’s Ice Tipping Point Timing 1219.rtf
Greenland’s Ice Loss Has Risen 7-Fold, in Line with Highest Sea-Level Scenario 1219.rtf
Cracks in the Greenland Ice Sheet Are Producing Massive Waterfalls 1219.rtf
Warmer Subsurface Ocean Melting Greenland Ice 1019.rtf
A New Risk Grows - Ice Slabs Worsen Runoff in Greenland's Extreme Melting 0919.rtf
By 2100, Melting from Greenland Alone Could Raise Sea Level 3 or 4 Feet 0819.rtf
At the Bottom of a Glacier in Greenland, Scientists Find Troubling Signs 0819.rtf
Greenland Just Lost 11 Billion Tons of Ice – in 1 Day 0819.rtf
Greenland Headed for a Record Melt Year, 250 Billion tons of Ice Already Gone 0819.rtf
Heat Waves Amplify Near-Record Levels of Ice Melt in Northern Hemisphere 0819.rtf
'Climate Emergency’ - Greenland’s Ice Sheet Melting May Break Record 0719.rtf
Greenland Is Melting in a Heat Wave 0719.rtf
Greenland Lost 2 Billion Tons of Ice Yesterday. That’s Very Unusual. 0619.rtf
The Glacier That Produced the ‘Titanic’ Iceberg Has Suddenly Stopped Flowing 0519.rtf
Greenland Has Been Exceptionally Warm Lately; Ice Is Melting a Month Early 0419.rtf
Greenland Is Melting Even Faster than Experts Thought 0419.rtf
Unusual Winter Rains Are Driving Sea Level Rise from Greenland 0319.rtf - 70% of ice loss from rain, 30% from glacier calving, etc.
Greenland’s Melting Ice Nears a ‘Tipping Point,’ Scientists Say 0119.rtf
Arctic Ice Melting Tripled in 15 Years 1218.rtf
What Greenland's 'Unprecedented' Ice Loss Means for Earth 1218.rtf
Better Mapping of Greenland Ice Loss 0918.rtf
Greenland’s Biggest Fire Is a ‘Warning’ for Its Future 0418.rtf
Ice Cores Show Greenland’s Melting Is Unprecedented in at Least 4 Centuries 0318.rtf
Algae on Greenland Ice Sheet Significantly Hasten Its Melting 1217.rtf
As Greenland Melts, Where’s the Water Going? 1217.rtf
Mapping Greenland Has Produced Some Surprising - Worrying – Results 1017.rtf
'Unusual' Greenland Wildfires Right Now Are Linked to Peat 0817.rtf
Despite Summer Snow, Greenland Is Still Melting 0717.rtf
Wildfires Dumped a Huge Amount of Soot atop Greenland’s Ice Sheet 0617.rtf
So Much Water Pulsed thru a Melting Glacier, It Warped Earth’s Crust 0517.rtf - 6.7 billion tons in 4 months
Troubling News about Greenland’s Most Enormous Glacier 0417.rtf 281 GT of ice loss annually. Fjords extend far, far inland.
Data Are Now Coming In from NASA’s Study of Greenland’s Melting 0217.rtf
Greenland Ice Melt Could Push Atlantic Circulation to Collapse 0117.rtf
'The Arctic Is Unraveling,' Conclude Scientists after Latest Climate Report 1216.rtf
History Reveals Greenland Ice Might Melt Much Faster Than Believed 1216.rtf - It was ice-free 25% of last 1.4 million years.
Greenland Is Melting from Above and Below. Scientists Say They’re Connected. 1016.rtf
Greenland May Be Losing Ice Even Faster than We Thought 0916.rtf
Greenland Lost a Staggering 1 Trillion Tons of Ice in Just 4 Years 0716.rtf - slight acceleration from the 4 years before
Deep-Blue Ponds and Streams Highlight Melting on Greenland Ice Sheet 0716.rtf
Greenland Was Hotter than New York City Last Week 0616.rtf
Record Greenland Melting Caused by Surprising Feedback Loop 0616.rtf - Growing Arctic sea ice LOSS warms ice more.
Greenland Ice Sheet Melting Has Started Early 0416.rtf
Early Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Has Researchers Concerned 0416.rtf
Heat Wave in Greenland Triggers Record Early Start to Ice Melt Season 0416.rtf
Why Greenland Could Also Melt Faster than Expected 0416.rtf - several processes, including warming sea water underneath
Bacteria Could Be Speeding Up the Darkening of Greenland's Ice 0316.rtf
We Had All Better Hope These Scientists Are Wrong about Earth’s Future 0316.rtf - take 1 on study above in Ice Dynamics
James Hansen Warns of Much Worse than Expected Sea Level Rise 0316.rtf - take 2 on study above in Ice Dynamics
Greenland’s Melting Is ‘Feeding on Itself’ 0316.rtf
What the Earth Will Be Like in 10,000 years, according to Scientists 0216.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet Melts up to 1:3 Faster under Cloudy Skies 0116.rtf
New Discovery Shows Greenland Could Be Making Sea-Level Rise Even Worse 0116.rtf
Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Sea Level over the Next Millennium 0619.rtf
5-33 cm by 2100 and 56-720 cm by 3000, depending on emissions scenario and other factors. Panel A is about temperature increase at Greenland and Panel B is about sea level rise as a result for Greenland. RCP 8.5 is the fastest global temperature rise modeled and RCP 2.6 the slowest.
Below that (top 4) are maps for the year 3000 of ice-freee areas now and under under the scenarios.
Fig. 2 Observed 2008 state and simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet at year 3000.(A) Observed 2008 ice extent (53). (B to D) Likelihood (percentiles) of ice cover as percentage of the ensemble simulations with nonzero ice thickness. Likelihoods less than the 16th percentile are masked. (E) Multi-year composite of observed surface speeds (61). (F to H) Surface speeds from the control simulation. Basin names shown in (A) in clockwise order are southwest (SW), central-west (CW), northwest (NW), north (NO), northeast (NE), and southeast (SE). RCP 2.6 (B and F), RCP 4.5 (C and G), and RCP 8.5 (D and H). Topography in meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) [(A) to (H)].
Greenland Ice Sheet Is Shrinking at High Rate 1215.rtf - take 2 on study
Greenland’s Staggering Amount of ice Loss Is Getting Worse 1215.rtf - take 1 on study
Greenland Just Opened up a Major New Ice Floodgate into the Ocean 1115.rtf
5 Trillion Tons of Ice Lost Since 2002 - 0915.rtf
Greenland Melt Prompts NASA Fears of Coastal Flooding 0815.rtf
World's Fastest-Melting Glacier Loses Massive Chunk in 2 Days 0815.rtf
OMG… Greenland’s Ice Sheets Are Melting Fast. Look Underneath. 0815.rtf
Medium-Large Earthquakes Are Shaking Greenland, as Icebergs Calve 0615.rtf
Scientists Can Finally Explain Why Huge Lakes atop Greenland Are Vanishing 0615.rtf
Our Polar Regions Are Simply 'Melting Away.’ It's A Beautiful Disaster. 0115.rtf
An Arctic Ice Cap’s Shockingly Rapid Slide into the Sea 0115.rtf
Drought, Heat and Ice - 2015 Could Be Tipping Point on Climate 1214.rtf
Models of Greenland Ice Melting Could Be Way Off. Florida Beware! 1214.rtf
Greenland’s Dark Snow May Start Global Warming Feedback Loop 0914.rtf
Greenland Ice Loss Doubles from Late 2000s - 0814.rtf
Greenland Glaciers More Susceptible to Melt Than Thought 0514.rtf
Greenland Glacier Hits Record Speed 0214.rtf
Greenland “Mega Canyon” Sends Water to the Sea 0813.rtf
Why Greenland Melting Is Biggest Climate Disaster of All 0113.rtf
1.6°C Warming Makes Greenland Ice Melt Away 0312.rtf
Data Sheds Light on Speed of Greenland Glaciers 0512.rtf
Arctic Wildfires Speed Melting of Greenland Ice 1212.rtf
Greenland Lost 200 Billion Ton of Ice per Year 2003-10 1112.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet Cannot Survive Current CO2 Level 1012.rtf
Greenland Melting Breaks Record 4 Weeks Early 0812.rtf
Greenland Aug 2012 Ice Summary 0812.rtf
Greenland Lost 422 GT of Ice in 2011 0812.rtf
Greenland Ice Melts in Spurts 0812.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Melt Shoots Up to 97% 0712.rtf
Iceberg 2 x Manhattan, from Greenland 0712.rtf
Greenland Ice Melt May Soon Become Irreversible 0312.rtf
Greenland Ice Sheet Vulnerable to Less Warming Than Previously Thought 0312.rtf
Greenland Losing 273 cu km Ice : Year 1109.rtf
‘Dramatic’ Ice Melt in NW Greenland since 2005 Exceeds Projections 0310.rtf
Greenland Rebound Accelerates 0510.rtf
Accelerating Arctic Melt Raises Sea Level Rise Projections 0511.rtf
Greenland Shed 100 Billions Tons of Ice in 2010 1211.rtf
Second Giant Ice Island Set to Break off Greenland 0911.rtf
Speed of Greenland Ice Melt Sets New Record 0111.rtf
Greenland Loses Ice Sheet 4 x Size of Manhattan 0810.rtf
Greenland Ice Unstable 1.6°C Above Pre-Industrial 0312.pdf
An Arctic Ice Cap’s Shockingly Rapid Slide into the Sea 0115.rtf - Svalbard / Spitzbergen actually
Section Map: Ice